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What is mad honey? Gooood honey... It's honey that drives you mad, some people say.

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In reality, it's toxic honey with light hallucinogenic effects. Are you interested? It is produced from nectar bees that are obtained from certain types of rhododendron.

Not all rhododendron honey is toxic, as not all rhododendron contains toxic compounds. But, both species provide very enticing nectar for bees.

Then at the end of the day, we can do have a fine, tasty, safe then non-toxic honey. Yet here we're going to think about the toxic one.

What is mad honey? Toxic rhododendron honey.

It was known that the honey produced by some rhododendron species has a mildly hallucinogenic and laxative effect. This belongs to the group of poisonous honey, which is not intended for use.

Grayanotoxin, also known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, and rhodotoxin, is the toxin responsible for the "madness" of honey. For those of you who understand this, "grayanotoxins are diterpenes; polyhydroxylated cyclic hydrocarbons that do not contain nitrogen."

This toxin acts as a natural defense to the plant and protects Rhododendron plants from herbivorous attacks.

Honey Intoxication

This is the name of the disease that you get after you eat it. The good news is that overdose is never fatal and usually lasts for longer than 24 hours. Symptoms of poisoning occur after a dose-dependent latent period of a few minutes to two or more hours, including salivation, vomiting, and both circumoral (around or near the mouth) and extremity paresthesia (abnormal sensations).

Pronounced low blood pressure and the development of sinus bradycardia.

Extreme addiction results in a lack of balance and gradual muscle fatigue. Extrasystoles (a premature contraction of the heart that is independent of natural rhythm and happens in response to an impulse in a portion of the heart other than the sinoatrial node; also called premature beat) and ventricular tachycardia.

An abnormally fast ventricular rhythm with aberrant ventricular excitation, typically more than 150 per minute, in both atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disruptions can often occur. Convulsions are rarely recorded.

Case reports:

Classical scientific literature includes a variety of toxic honey studies in North America and Europe. None of them, though,

Cases of insane honey poisoning in western medical literature are the consumption of honey produced in Turkey.

There are occasional sporadic cases of mild to severe sickness, likely reflecting grayanotoxin / mad honey poisoning in modern North American apiculture.

Mad honey poisoning is widely reported in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Different cases have been recorded in East Nepal tourists who eat local honey extracted from other rhododendron species (probably R.arboreum or R.campanulatum).

Toxic dose:

The amount of honey needed to produce toxicity is relatively small. The average consumption of honey in one study was 13.45 ± 5.39 (5-30 g). Symptoms started one-half to three hours after the intake of the honey. Several reports say that the honey has an exceptionally sharp, biting taste.

Treatment:

Immediately after vomiting, treatment with saline infusion and atropine alone has almost always been successful. In 66 cases of mad honey intoxication, normal saline infusion and intravenous atropine resulted in no deaths.

In chronic forms of extreme overdose, the worst signs and effects lasted nearly 24 hours. Total recovery can take a few more days.

Below is the "Clinical analysis of Grayanotoxin / Mad Honey Poisoning Past and Present," by Mad Honey Poisoning Past and Present ABDULKADIR GUNDUZ1 et al. from Turkey, which I strongly recommend if you want to learn more.

Rhododendron ponticum, commonly known as rhododendron or pontic rhododendron, is a species of Rhododendron native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, but mostly present in the mountains of the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. In this region, this honey is known as crazy honey and is cultivated for medicinal purposes. Larger quality can lead to severe poisoning, while controlled quality can only cause hallucinogenic reactions.

All on this in the article Crazy Honey, are you high?

Many Turkish beekeepers deliberately collect crazy honey for use as an alternative health commodity. Evil Honey used in limited amounts in Turkey

It is generally accepted to encourage good wellbeing, to be used as a pain reliever, to alleviate stomach pain and dyspepsia, and to be a sexual stimulant.

Why don't all toxic rhododendrons produce mad honey?

In other words, why is crazy honey just found in Turkey or Nepal because there are poisonous rhododendrons in other parts of the world?

Rhododendron is considered to be invasive in the British Isles. The research team carried out a landscape-scale chemical analysis of the populations of Rhododendron ponticum in Ireland and compared this with the levels of nectar toxin in its range in Spain and Portugal, where the species is also native. The results were surprising: in 1 out of 5 invasive plants, toxins were not present in nectar. (This means that invasive toxic rhododendrons are 5 times less toxic than native rhododendrons!) Other nectar chemicals that have not been toxic to bees have changed very little between invasive and native ranges.

The reasons for this are related to the varieties of bees that can withstand toxins (it seems like only the bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) can do that. And the Turkish Apil mellifera subspecies.) However in order to maintain durability and harmony in our habitats, rhododendrons lowered the amount of Grayanotoxin in their nectar and allow way for other pollinators and come.

But, according to Kebler LF, history shows us that the honey bees of Europe and North America were capable of producing crazy pollen, which means that there is little distinction between the honey bees of Turkey and the honey bees of the rest of the world.

Not because anyone will actually like to be poisoned, but people who want to ingest it because of its hallucinogenic properties already think of potential poisoning. There are warnings on the packaging of the bottle and, for the most part, tips come from people who have actually tested and made suggestions.

Nowadays, there's an uptick in travel around the world and a lot of online shops that allow you to buy honey and things from the toughest places you can get to. The possibility of Grayanotoxin poisoning is also likely beyond the Ericaceae-dominated plant zones, including Turkey, Japan, Brazil, the United States, Nepal, and British Columbia.

Certain cases of overdose can actually result from excessive contamination of polyfloral honey with rhododendron nectar. Despite our current propensity to go ειδησεογραφικο σαιτ back to "all-natural," honey is presented in its "organic" form - because it is safer. The other hand, though, is that certain fungi and toxins will still get into honey - which would otherwise have been destroyed by fermentation.

I've been hearing this question all the time. Looking for a way to amuse ourselves, we believe we can tolerate the toxins and be fine if we adhere to the prescribed dosage. Ok, what can I do, this can be real. Yet it's not easy to have a real crazy boy. Honey may only be contaminated with Grayanotoxin and not have the quantity necessary to produce the hallucinogenic effect that we want. And maybe that's too much of it.

The only way to be sure is to buy it from Turkish or Nepalese locals, who will also tell you how to get it right. The know-how, they've been using it as a treatment ever since. It's pretty hard to get to them, though. Don't equate them with those that market it online. Personally, I don't like them. They will easily take advantage of the vast popularity of this form of honey to market it (actually, how do we tell for sure what's in there? by word of mouth?) at very high prices.

Real mad honey can be found in Nepal. You can take trips to the mountains and see the honey hunters in action. Please read the article Himalayan Red Honey - aka mad, toxic, hallucinogenic honey from Nepal. and find out what to do for this.

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What does this mean that you can confirm the news by checking the relevant links to get more detailed information, and this serves to confirm the validity of any break in the news item?